The akhalteke is an ancient breed
descended from one of the four horse
types that crossed the Bering Strait from
the Americas in prehistoric times. 
Approximately 10,000 years ago, as
desertification took hold of Central Asia,
the stocky horses indigenous to its steppe
grasslands began to evolve into the lean
and graceful but hardy horses that inhabit
Turkmenistan today. As food and water
became more scarce the heavy frame of
the horse gave way to a lighter one. Longer necks, a higher head carriage, larger eyes and longer ears evolved to better the horse’s ability to see, smell, and hear predators over the increasingly open plains. The golden coloring predominant among the akhalteke provided the necessary camouflage against the desert landscape. Through natural selection a breed was created which would become the pride of Turkmenistan.

In appearance the akhalteke horse is similar to its descendent, the Persian
Arab, though in size it is more comparable to another of its descendants,
the English thoroughbred. The akhalteke has a small thin head, long ears
and large eyes. It has a short silky mane or no mane at all, and a short
tail. The Turkmen practice of covering their horses with two to three
layers of felt blankets to protect against cold in the winter and flies in the
summer encouraged a remarkably fine textured coat. Akhaltekes are
known for their golden coloring but they can also be white, black,
dappled, dun, bay, gray or chestnut colored. Fed a low bulk, high protein
diet consisting of alfalfa and barely mixed with mutton fat, the akhalteke
maintains its traditionally lean proportions of long sinewy legs, a narrow
chest, a long back and flat ribs. The average height of an akhalteke is 15
to 15.1 hands. Its small hooves are unusually hard and are therefore rarely shod. The great speed, elasticity and grace of the akhalteke makes it at once a coveted racer, show jumper and dressage mount. Though spirited in temperament, akhaltekes are by all accounts gentle and loyal to their owners, yet aloof with strangers.

Turkmen tribesmen valued their horses above all else. As a nomadic
group situated in a crossroads of cultures they were often required to face
enemy conflict and came to rely heavily on the strength, speed and
endurance of their horses. The akhalteke’s ability to cover great distances
of harsh terrain under extreme climatic conditions, and to travel at night,
made them indispensable to the Turkmen warriors. Aside from their
valiant exertions as warriors’ mounts, akhaltekes were also invaluable in
assisting Turkmen nomads with their daily work.

Prior to the Russian occupation of 1917, nearly every Turkmen family
owned at least one or two horses. With Bolshevism however, came an
end to private ownership and the horses were placed in state-owned stud
farms. Rather than surrender their beloved horses to such a fate many
tribesmen fled with them to Persia and Afghanistan. When it was then
decreed that the horses in the stud farms were to be slaughtered for food,
breeders released them into the desert, their natural habitat, thereby
preventing what may have resulted in the annihilation of the akhalteke
breed within the borders of Turkmenistan. In 1935, fifteen akhaltekes
were ridden 3000 kilometers, from Ashgabat to Moscow, in eighty-four
days, to demonstrate to Joseph Stalin their formidable strength in the
hopes that he would grant his permission for their continued breeding. The campaign was a success.

Upon achieving independence in 1991, the government of Turkmenistan
defined horse breeding as a nationalistic concern and an art form. The
akhalteke has been declared a national treasure and its image graces the
state seal of Turkmenistan. Today private ownership of akhaltekes in
Turkmenistan is steadily increasing and there are now akhalteke farms in
Germany and the United States.

Famous Akhaltekes:
Absent
Winner of the Prix de Dressage at the 1960 Olympics in Rome. In 1968
Absent was named the “World’s Best Sporting Horse.”
Dancing Brave
Winner of the 1986 Arc de Triomphe Race. Dancing Brave holds the
record for the highest price ever paid for a horse; US$50 million.
Melekush
In 1956 Nikita Krushchev presented Melekush to Queen Elizabeth II of
England. He was described by the Royal Equerry as Britain’s “best
horse.”
Buccephalus
The famed favorite horse of Alexander the Great.